From Clemson:
I. Liming materials
To be considered a liming material an anion must produce OH - ions to react with H+ and Al3+ ions. Oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and silicates
1. Calcium oxide (CaO)
Common names - burned lime, quicklime, unslaked lime
CaCO3 ===> CaO + CO2
Advantage is immediate reaction with the soil.
Disadvantage - caustic, difficult to handle and apply
Caking may occur. Through mixing is necessary
2. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
common names -- slaked, hydrated, builders lime
CaO + H20 ===> Ca(OH)2
Advantage - quick reaction with the soil
Disadvantage - difficult and unpleasant to handle
3. Calcitic limestone (CaCO3)
Dolomitic limestone (CaMg(CO3)2)
Mined from deposits. Quality depends on amount of impurities such as clay. Good handling properties. Reaction time several months.
4. Marl (CaCO3)
Unconsolidated deposits of CaCO3. Usually contaminated with clay. Low in Mg.
5. Slags (CaSiO3)
byproduct of furnaces used for making iron, steel and elemental P.
6. Fly ash
J. Placement of lime
Through mixing of lime throughout zone of root growth is ideal.
1. Particles of lime do not move in the soil.
2. Application - Spread half of lime and plow down. Spread other half and disk.
On established sods lime must be topdressed. Reaction is slower and less complete. * Add smaller amounts more often.