Well, I'm new around here too, but I think I can start you off with a few resources.
Firstly, the figs4fun variety database is very helpful: http://figs4fun.com/Varieties.html
There you can look up varieties by name, of which there are many, and get the basic information on a lot of varieties.
Second, you should make good use of the search function here on the forum: http://figs4funforum.websitetoolbox.com/search
If you find a variety available somewhere and you want to know more about it, you can search and see if it's already been discussed here on the forum. I've learned a lot that way.
It's not limited to varieties. You can search for "zone 8" "hardy" or "extending" to find posts about your zone, hardiness, or extending the season.
I don't know of a variety database that has figs listed by season, size, or hardiness. Someone else here on the forum might know of some.
One thing I do is use Google's site search feature to search for specific qualities.
For example, if I type ( hardy site: http://figs4fun.com/Varieties.html ) into Google, without the parenthesis. it'll return every page where the word hardy occurs.
One of the results it gives me is: http://figs4fun.com/var_s_info.html Open that page and you'll see that it's a long list of varieties and we were just looking for the word hardy, so press Ctrl+F and type hardy again. That'll highlight "hardy" everywhere it appears on the page and give you an arrow you can click to skip to each one. This should work in any web browser (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.)
You can use that technique with any word or words ( midseason site: http://figs4fun.com/Varieties.html ) ( "late season" site: http://figs4fun.com/Varieties.html ) etc.
Now, you might already know all that, but hopefully that information will help someone else who reads this.
If you find a tree using that method that sounds like it'll suit your needs, getting your hands on it might be another issue. Only a small fraction of fig varieties are available at plant nurseries, even those that specialize in figs. That's where this forum comes in handy. This time of year especially, there are users posting that they have cuttings available to sell or trade. This is probably the best way to get your hands on rare varieties.
You should search for other fig growers in your area or in zone 8 and see what information they've posted and private message them for more info on the specifics you're looking for. Chances are there's someone growing figs near you or in an environment similar to yours and it's important to find them because what is a tasty, late season fig in one region might not be worth planting in another.
Ok. So.... I hope that wasn't an overwhelming amount of information and that it was helpful.
While I'm here, I'll also post some links to online nurseries I have dealt with:
Most of these don't specialize in figs, but offer a limited selection.
http://www.treesofantiquity.com/ Probably the best quality of any trees I have ever received. They ship bareroot trees only during the dormant time of year and have been personable via email.
http://www.starkbros.com/ A big nursery company. In business since 1816 as they like to brag. The plants I've received from them have been pretty small, but healthy. Just don't expect personal customer service.
http://wellspringgardens.com/ Quite a few figs to choose from here. They ship tiny little newly rooted cuttings, but have low prices and usually throw in a couple bonus plants of your choice.
http://ediblelandscaping.com/ Plants of varying sizes to choose from. They ship year round in pots. I've bought mostly Pawpaws and Pomegranates from them and not been disappointed.
http://hirts.com/ These guys have their website and are also on Amazon, Etsy, and ebay. I've ordered a few things from them and their figs come in 4" square pots.
http://www.justfruitsandexotics.com/ I haven't ordered from this one yet, but I've heard good things and they have a good selection of figs.
https://www.fourwindsgrowers.com/store/ I didn't order figs from them, but their finger limes came in phenomenal condition. (they specialize in citrus but offer 12 fig varieties)
http://figs4funforum.websitetoolbox.com/post/durio-nursery-fig-list-for-20152016-7780512?pid=1289754254 This is a post on the forum right now about Durio Nursery, who I have not ordered from, but it looks like they offer a LOT of varieties compared to most nurseries.
http://isons.com/ They only offer 5 basic fig varieties but I thought I would mention them. If you want muscadine grapes they are THE place.