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Fig Color indicates antioxidant levels

According to "Color and Antioxidant Characteristics of Some Fresh Fig
(Ficus carica L.) Genotypes from Northeastern Turkey"

Plant Foods Hum Nutr (2012) 67:271–276

Dark skinned figs have more antioxidant activity and anthocyanins than light skinned figs.  Unfortunately, they didn't test based on interior color to see if that made a difference.  Seems like Marteen may have a hankering for anthocyanins.

very intresting. i beleave that there was also a test done with firtilizers as well. organic grown produce is soposed to have higher vit/min and antioxidents than produce grown with chemical. info from doc the beautiful truth about dr.gerson and the cure for everything. neat film check it out if you get a chance. its an eye opener.

Seems to me that all dark fruits have higher levels of anti-oxidants - blueberries, blackberries, purple grapes etc.

Quote:
 i beleave that there was also a test done with firtilizers as well. organic grown produce is soposed to have higher vit/min and antioxidents than produce grown with chemical.


This used to be conventional wisdom, but a recent study has found organic produce to be no higher in 'goodies' than other crops. Of course that does not mean one wants to eat fruits and vegetables that have been sprayed, but that's a different issue. And of course much 'organic' produce comes from China, so eat at your own risk.

I grow my own and its tasty

Gina, for every study that is released stating organic and conventional are equal there's about 15 that say, unequivocally, the organic is far more nutrient dense.

Organically grown fruits are also found to be lower on the glycemic index.

I will continue to live dangerously and eat light colored figs when I could be eating dark ones.

Lattarula must be the iceberg lettuce of the fig world.

Do you know that a lot of organic food at the farmers' markets even certified organic might actually not be organic.   There was an expose I saw on tv one time showing how some farmers were just taking conventional food and selling as organic.   Plus, does it really matter if you eat high antioxidant foods if the rest or your diet and exercise isn't so good.  

Rcantor,

I believe the reason they did not test due to interior color is that the antioxident is not held equally throughout the fruit but instead is concentrated in and just under the skin of the fruit.  I know it is that way in blueberries and simply assuming the same holds true for figs as well.  

it's amazing how my parents were right all these time.. even if they didn't know anything about anitoxidants.. "eat that skin on your apple! don't waste food!"

Plant pigments are actually antioxidants. So a fig with a red center contains lycopene.

WillisC is right.  From Eur Food Res Technol (2008) 226:715–719
DOI 10.1007/s00217-007-0581-4

Alessandra Del Caro · Antonio Piga

Abstract An analytical study was carried out on
phenols in two Wg cultivars (Ficus carica L.), one
black and one green. Fresh fruits were peeled and
phenols were extracted separately from the peel and
the pulp. The extracts were subjected to HPLC-DAD
analysis, by monitoring at four wavelengths, 280, 316,
365 and 520 nm for catechins and benzoic acids,
hydroxycinnamic acids, Xavonols and anthocyanins,
respectively. Results showed that phenols are concentrated
almost exclusively in the peel, with the black
cultivar having the highest content. In particular, the
peel was rich in rutin, with amounts from 527 to
1,071 mg/kg (fresh basis) for green and black Wgs,
respectively. The peel of black Wgs showed an appreciable
content of cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside. The pulp of
both green and black cultivars contained only cyanidin
3-O-rutinoside, while the cyanidin 3-O-glucoside
was found only in the peel of the black Wgs. Chlorogenic
acid and another cinnamic acid were detected in
the peel of both cultivars, while benzoic acids and
catechins were not present.

Now I know why I prefer dark figs.

Brent, do you have a reference for the lycopene causing the red color?  I've read about anthocyanins, which would be red in acidic fruits, but the only thing I could find on lycopene was this

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Nov;92(4):769-77. Epub 2011 Jul 27.

cDNA cloning of a novel gene codifying for the enzyme lycopene β-cyclase from Ficus carica and its expression in Escherichia coli.

Source

Department of Microbiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Abstract

Lycopene beta-cyclase (β-LCY) is the key enzyme that modifies the linear lycopene molecule into cyclic β-carotene, an indispensable carotenoid of the photosynthetic apparatus and an important source of vitamin A in human and animal nutrition. Owing to its antioxidant activity, it is commercially used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, as well as an additive in foodstuffs. Therefore, β-carotene has a large share of the carotenoidic market. In this study, we used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR to obtain and clone a cDNA copy of the gene Lyc-β from Ficus carica (Lyc-β Fc), which codes for the enzyme lycopene β-cyclase (β-LCY). Expression of this gene in Escherichia coli produced a single polypeptide of 56 kDa of weight, containing 496 amino acids, that was able to cycle both ends of the lycopene chain. Amino acid analysis revealed that the protein contained several conserved plant cyclase motifs. β-LCY activity was revealed by heterologous complementation analysis, with lycopene being converted to β-carotene as a result of the enzyme's action. The β-LCY activity of the expressed protein was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identification of the β-carotene. The lycopene to β-carotene conversion rate was 90%. The experiments carried out in this work showed that β-LYC is the enzyme responsible for converting lycopene, an acyclic carotene, to β-carotene, a bicyclic carotene in F. carica. Therefore, by cloning and expressing β-LCY in E. coli, we have obtained a new gene for β-carotene production or as part of the biosynthetic pathway of astaxanthin. So far, this is the first and only gene of the carotenoid pathway identified in F. carica.

© Springer-Verlag 2011

Quote:
Originally Posted by rcantor
According to "Color and Antioxidant Characteristics of Some Fresh Fig
(Ficus carica L.) Genotypes from Northeastern Turkey"

Plant Foods Hum Nutr (2012) 67:271–276

Dark skinned figs have more antioxidant activity and anthocyanins than light skinned figs.  Unfortunately, they didn't test based on interior color to see if that made a difference.  Seems like Marteen may have a hankering for anthocyanins.



Seems Marteen has a hankering for the better figs - Dark types.  ; )
Sure beats them wannabe white light green yellow whatever the heck everyone calls em nowadays.

My understanding is that as fruits/veggies approach the darker side of the spectrum for their varieties their concentration of phytochemicals tends to increase with them and I guess they bond with free radicals in the blood then flush out.  

Sorry Bob, I had no idea that anthocyanins could be red, guess I just always thought of blueberries and the cyan part of the word. I couldn't find any evidence of lycopene in figs either. This explains why bright red fig interiors taste like strawberry instead of tomato or watermelon. This is not my area of expertise but I am interested anyway.


Here's another good abstract:

Quote:
Fig fruit has been a typical component in the health-promoting Mediterranean diet for millennia. To study the potential health-promoting constituents of fig fruits, six commercial fig varieties differing in color (black, red, yellow, and green) were analyzed for total polyphenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and amount and profile of anthocyanins. Using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC), various concentrations of anthocyanins but a similar profile was found in all varieties studied. Hydrolysis revealed cyanidin as the major aglycon. Proton and carbon NMR confirmed cyanidin-3-O-rhamnoglucoside (cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside; C3R) as the main anthocyanin in all fruits. Color appearance of fig extract correlated well with total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity. Extracts of darker varieties showed higher contents of phytochemicals compared to lighter colored varieties. Fruit skins contributed most of the above phytochemicals and antioxidant activity compared to the fruit pulp. Antioxidant capacity correlated well with the amounts of polyphenols and anthocyanins (R2 = 0.985 and 0.992, respectively). In the dark-colored Mission and the red Brown-Turkey varieties, the anthocyanin fraction contributed 36 and 28% of the total antioxidant capacity, respectively. C3R contributed 92% of the total antioxidant capacity of the anthocyanin fraction. Fruits of the Mission variety contained the highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins and exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity.

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