Hardy kiwi looks like a viable option, thanks! The trees have not yet begun to decay; all of the bark up to the treehouse is still alive and elms continually put out suckers. But the structural integrity of the tree is gone, so the canopy has to come down.
I really only need the treehouse around for a few more years while my boys are growing up, and I think these three large elm trunks will be just fine for that long. If we're still here when grandkids come along, I can build a treehouse *around* the fourth elm without damaging it.
The one my dad built for my siblings and me wrapped around the trunk of a tall maple tree and was suspended by cables from the lowest branches. The branches were about fifteen feet up, and the floor of the treehouse was about eight feet off the ground. Nothing penetrated the bark of the tree.