It is interesting how such myths come about in relation to Figs,The name Kala could be a corruption of Cali-gula(little boots in Latin of the time) and if so Kalla(little) is appropriate for the fig,it is very small.The word Kala also means the colour 'black' in some languages,equivalent to Negri/Negronne/Noire/Schwarz etc so also an appropriate name even if it doesn't relate to Caligula himself.
I understand that the Dutch had connections with the Indian Sub-continent from about 1600 onward so I suppose it would be possible this fig found its way into Europe via a Dutch port under the name Kala(black in Hindi/Urdu etc)and was then associated with Caligula because of the name,just speculation but somehow this fig has ended up with an appropriate name from several angles.
Keep us updated on this one,would love it to be unique and 2000 years old,It does look a lot like Ronde de Bordeaux though,I'd be happy to grow it alongside my RdB if you fancy sharing at some point