The "pollarding" (a pruning technique) of trees in European countries seems to be a very common practice. There have been a few threads posted on this forum regarding "rejuvenation pruning" of older fig trees -for better production and controlling tree size.
I guess if done correctly, and with keeping the final scale-size in mind, it might an be effective technique to use if/when a very large fig tree has been neglected for decades. To my eye, it looks terrible and very unnatural. I have also seen photos of large fig trees being pruned back to just a few main branches and then the remaining thick branches were top worked and grafted with younger scions. The new scions would then become the "new" fruiting, branches...producing different variety figs, all on one tree....sort of like the idea behind the famous, now "Frankenfig".
Photo #10 shows what seems to be an older, very neglected, fig tree that's been drastically hacked back to the just the main trunk, and a few side branches....some of which are seen rotting, just above the roots....a perfect entry point for rot and disease. I see just a few suckering branches sprouting from the cut ends, and the tree doesn't look very productive. Perhaps the owners inherited this neglected, overgrown fig tree when they bought the house....maybe the branches were freeze-damaged or killed back. It's gonna need a lot of careful, and some selective pruning work to bring a tree like this back into health, and full production.
Interesting photos. In this country pollarding is commonly done to prune back Crepe Myrtle. It's known as "Crepe-Murder"....and, it's ugly. Who ever does this kind of "pruning", should not be allowed anywhere near trees, a saw, and pruning shears.....IMO. It's mutilation.
Frank