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Chapter I.— Introductory _.. 15 Name and derivation 15 Home and distribntion of the fig industry 16 Botany of the fig 21 Structure of a common flower _ 22 Chapter II.— Fig culture in various foreign countries 24 Fig culture in Smyrna and Asia Minor 24 Fig districts : 25 Climate and soil 25 Varieties of figs -46 Planting lobfigs 27 Caprification 28 Harvest and drying 29 Packing -.. 80 Brands and boxes 31 Bzportations _ 83 Fig culture in Greece 38 General history..* 33 Figs in modem Greece 84 Figs in Northern Africa ..^ 37 Egypt and Kabylia 37 Figs in Italy - 89 Extent and character of the Italian fig districts 39 Climatic conditions . 41 Quality of Italian figs 42 Modes of curing and packing , 42 Packing - 43 Varieties of figs .,_ 45 Caprification _ 46 Figs in Portugal 46 Caprification 49 Fig culture in France 49 Favorable localities '. 49 Curingthefigs _ _ ^ 51 Principal fig varieties grown in southern France ; 51 Northern and central France.. 58 Locality and condition 58 How to start the trees 53 Forming the orchard .53 Pinching the terminal buds 54 Removing the side buds 55 Care during the growing season 55 Pruning bearing fig trees 56 Covering the trees 56 Oiling the figs _ 57 Varieties and crops _ 57 Points of successful cultivation 58 Production 58 Fig culture in England 58 Fig culture in Spain .-- 60 7 » CONTENTS. Page. Chapter IL — Fig culture in various foreign countries— Continued. Fig culture in the Southern States of North America 61 Georgia _.. 61 Fig culture in Mexico 63 Baja California and Sonora _ 62 Chapter III.— Fig culture in California 64 Historical notes 64 The Bulletin importation 67 Importation of fig cuttings _ 67 Importations of figs by the United States Department of Agriculture. . . 70 Fig orchard record _ . _...__ _ 71 Importation of Blastophaga - 72 Chapter IV.— Caprification of the fig 74 Practical caprification in California 75 Short summary of caprification ._ 77 Crops of the figs 78 Pollination _ _„ . 83 Polleniferous and insectiferous caprifigs (i)ollen-bearing and insect- bearingfigs) 85 The fig and the caprifig '_ 86 The fig _ -._ 88 The male flowers .. 89 Female flowers ... 90 The gall flowers _ - 92 Male flowers 94 Male flowers in edible figs - - - . - 95 The Cordelia fig and the Erinocyce ._ 96 Various kinds of maturity 97 Seeds in Smyrna figs - - . 98 Smyrna tigs in California. ._ 99 Seeds in the common edib!e, not caprificated figs _ 101 Different types of edible figs _ 102 Fig insects _ .. . _ 105 Fig wasps or Blastophagas .._ 105 Life history of the caprifig wasp ( Blastophaga grossorum) 106 Practical caprification _ 110 The effects of caprification 115 The importance of seeds in dried figs 115 Which figs should be caprificated _., 116 Where caprification is practiced 117 Can other insects be substituted for the Blastophaga 118 Different species of Blastophaga in different species of figs. . 119 Summary _ 120 Historical notes on caprification - 120 Chapter v.— Climatic conditions _. 129 General remarks 129 Temperature 130 Rainfall and moisture 131 Winds..:. . 131 Ideal climatic conditions for figs .. — 131 Soils : 132 General remarks 132 Soils in the European fig districts 182 Recapitulation _ 133 Possibilities of fig culture in cold climates — 133 CONTENTS. 9 Page. Chapter VI.— Propagation of the fig 134 General remarks .._ - 134 Cuttings or rooted trees . . .. .. 134 Fresh and dry cnttings 135 Best time for making cuttings 136 How to make cuttings _ 136 Care of cuttings after they are made 138 Planting cuttings in nursery rows 139 Planting small cuttings in nursery .. 140 Planting single eyes 141 Suckers -. 142 Budding and grafting 142 Greneral remarks 142 Budding ._ 142 Grafting: 143 Scion- 143 Stock ,... 144 Cleft 145 Inserting the graft. 145 Treatment.-- _.. 146 Protection from sunburn ._ _ 146 Shipping cuttings 146 Shipping large fig trees . . 149 How to treat injured fig cuttings - 150 Seedlings 151 Chapter VII. — Planting a fig orchard - 153 Genera] remarks .' 153 Distances for fig trees. 153 Distances for caprifigs _ 155 Care of fig trees before planting -.. 155 Preparing the soil _ _ ,. 156 Staking and squaring the field _ : 157 Digging the holes 160 Planting the trees - 161 Planting cuttings in the orchard - _ _ . 163 Planting to avoid splitting the trunk 163 Care of trees after planting 164 Duration of plantation - . 165 Varieties to plant - 165 Cultivation - 165 The creation of a fig orchard in Calif omia .. . _. 167 Period of vegetation ..- 170 Chapter VIII.— Pruning figs 171 General remarks 171 Pruning 1 ately planted trees 171 Pruning bearing fig trees . 172 High and low standard ._ 174 Chapter IX.— Irrigation in fig culture - 175 Chapter X.— Diseases and insect enemies of the fig 176 Dropping of the fruit 176 Sunburn 177 Frost , _ 177 Fungi - 178 Souring of the figs... 178 10 CONTENTS. Chapter X.— Diseases and insect enemies of the fig— Continued. Pag©. Scale __ 179 Beetles _ 180 Worms in dried figs _ 180 Chapter XL— Drying and curing figs _, 181 General remarks.- 181 Signs of maturity 182 Oilingthefig. 182 How to ascertain the sugar percentage or degree in figs - 183 Gathering the fruit 184 Sulphuring 185 Dipping while fresh _ 186 Drying on trays _ _ _ 187 Turning i 187 Covering- _ 188 When sufficiently dried _ 188 Sweating and equalizing : 189 Drying floors. 189 Artificial drying _. _ 190 Dipping 190 Chapter XII.— Packing figs 1 191 General remarks... 191 Dipping the figs _ 192 Assorting the figs 193 Pulling _-- ■ 193 Packing 194 Pressing __ 196 Chapter Xin.—Shipping fresh figs : 199 Chapter XIV.— How to describe figs _ 201 Names.. 1 201 Value of varieties _ 201 Describing the varieties __ 202 Crop 203 Size.. _ 203 Shape 208 Neck . __ 204 Stalk. 204 Ribs _ 204 Eye . 204 Scales - 205 Skin : 205 Color 205 Pulpandmeat 206 Seeds 206 Growth 206 Chapter XV.— Catalogue and description of figs, including Smyrna figs and caprifigs ,.. 207 Chapter XVI.— Chemical analysis of soils and figs _ _ 283 Chapter XVII.— Statistics of the production and importation of figs, com- piled by E. W. Maslin 288 Chapter XVIIL— Household recipes .. .. _ 290 Chapter XIX.— Bibliography of figs 295 Chapter XX.— Tables of temperature, precipitation, and humidity in the principal fig regions 302
Thats Gustav Eisen often cited by other Authors and a very good reference book that has so much information pertaining to figs .