I'm no expert at this, but I did once root an unknown fig variety outdoors (in ground). I just took an 8" cutting and buried all but the top inch or two. Soil was loose and a bit sandy. I watered it once thoroughly at first and then after that only when it looked dried out. It was in a shady spot until it had a couple of months growth to get established. It was at the start of the season, just as other trees were starting to leaf out. It worked.
But like I said, I'm no expert. That was just my experience. It was a very strong and "easy" variety. My impression is that a lot of fig cultivars (though not all) are so vigorous that you can almost ignore them... as long as they're not too soggy or too dry, there's a good chance they'll root. (And I've heard if they have leaves or growing tips already, you'll probably have to keep it humid... put a plastic bag over it, or a cut off 2-liter soda bottle to use as a dome. No direct sun until it's well rooted).
I've read lots of advice from experts here, and they'll probably give you more specifics. My main advice is just to try it... learn from doing, and have fun.
Mike central NY state, zone 5