Hi
Figs are grown mainly in southern Russia (Krasnodar krai and Rostov oblast), on Caucasus coast they grow without protection (from Sochi to Novorossiysk, rather wet climate), farther north and east they are rather bushes than trees, and are usually buried for winter. Summers are rather hot there, so ripening is not a problem.
In Ukraine they grow into trees on southern Crimea coast, there are some local varieties. They again grow like bushes in northern Crimea, southern Odessa and Kherson regions, mainly unprotected, but die back in cold winters. Two main varieties there are Dalmatian and VdB. The climate is dry here, 15-16 inches per year here.
There's a research university in Kakhovka, which specialized in breeding persimmons, figs and pomegranates, some new cold-hardy figs are expected in few years.