Here's what I can tell you based on my trees, almost every winter we have ice or snow storms that damages limbs of my in-ground.
Usually around December we get hit with a snowstorm and prolonged periods below freezing. After the first few, the terminal buds darken in color and the outer layers of skin become a shell, like pistachio (only a much thinner shell). Some variation in color is seen - brick red, yellow, brown. Sometimes the terminal buds shrink slightly in size. If they lose more than 75% of their fall size, the tip of that branch is usually dead by spring. The dead giveaway is when temps warm up in spring and the branch turns this deathly, sickly reddish brown color like nothing else on the tree and starts to wrinkle. Some figs have a reddish hue to the branch, so color is not an accurate indicator alone!! For most of mine, the branches are olive or dark burgandy once hard, then grey when mature. I rarely ever lose branches that are grey, and this is something that also rings true with local in-ground trees I frequent. So... In my growing, my goal is to get my trees protected until the branches get nice and silvery grey, and mind the brown/olive/burgandy branches during winter. Whatever doesn't send out new shoots by July is usually shriveled gets pruned back to just above the last healthy (not shriveled) node. 'Fine tuning' cutting can be saved for later, although the tree will self-prune any dead excess by shriveling it down to a stump, similar to how a baby's umbilical cord does in the first couple weeks after birth.
Hope this helps? Just sharing my experience. YMMV.