I have some info on the process to share. To me it makes sense that what Neil said above would be the case.
I did most of my trees last year after dormancy, and left the biggest up pots until March to save space in the garage. One of the up pots I did was with a tree that I acquired in late fall ( I'll call this tree #9) and didn't have as big a pot as I wanted at the time so I just got it into what I had. In March when I up potted my bigger trees I also up potted #9, expecting to see some root growth had occured during the dormant period. The soil totally crumbled away and to my surprise, no growth had occured at all. Minimal fresh root growth was observed on the big tree up pots. One more piece of info, #9 was the last tree to come out of dormancy, there could be multiple reasons for this but I just thought to be fair I shold include that info. We'll see if #9 breaks dormancy closer to the others this year.
From what I observed, I don't think you get a huge gain by doing your up potting early in the dormancy period. Do it when you have time but they are still dormant. And like I mentioned earlier, if you do it closer to spring you'll have more room to spare due to the smaller volume of space occupied by last years pots...if space is even an issue.