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USDA / UC Davis DNA tests

Here is the latest report; FigLink1110

Jon,


Thanks for posting.  Looks like there is a lot of great info there.  I'll have to look through it in more detail when I have the time.

Joe

Thanks for the link Jon, it's interesting to see how these varieties are grouped together. I like how some of the varieties you and I had are part of the study as well. 

I like how they point out that Mediterranean varieties do share many of their genes and characteristics,  but those of Turkmenistan and central Asian varieties have more distinct genes.  I agree that many of the Italian and other varieties from that region have improved and evolved through selection and cultivation, but many of the mid eastern and central Asian ones were given much less attention. Same thing with Apples, the USDA went to Kazakhstan and countries in those region to select the wild apples where they originated from thousands of years.


holy smokes, that's some serious reading :).

I think I found this section most interesting:

Quote:

For example, figs with different names but identical multilocus fingerprint included: (1) six greenish-yellow figs with strawberry-yellow flesh inlcuded ‘Lemon’, ‘Dokkar’, ‘L.S.U. Everbearing’, ‘White Texas Everbearing’, and ‘Trojano’ characterized by a widely grown cultivar ‘Kadota’; (2) five greenish-yellow to light brown skinned figs with light amber to yellow colored pulp included ‘Archipel’, ‘Malcolm’s Super Giant’, ‘Drap D’or’, and ‘Encanto Brown Turkey’ with two other closely related cultivars, ‘Alma’ and ‘Golden Celeste’; (3) three medium sized purple/black figs ‘Vista’, ‘Violette de Bordeaux’, and ‘Beers Black’; (4) two green figs with amber flesh ‘Verte’ and ‘Calverte’; and (5) three green figs with thick rind with light strawberry flesh ‘Paradiso’, ‘Monstrueuse’, and ‘Ischia Green.’

Group 3 again predominantly contained Common figs and showed three instances of synonymy. A purple/black fig assemblage consisted of ‘Sal’s fig’, ‘Dark Portuguese’, and ‘Abruzzi’ with dark strawberry flesh. A second yellow/green fig assemblage contained cultivars with amber flesh, ‘Genoa White’, ‘Genoa’, and ‘Harvey Adriatic.’ A third group with yellow/green skin and amber to light strawberry red colored flesh included ‘Brunswick’, ‘Rattlesnake Island’, ‘Capitola Long’, ‘Doree’ and an amber to light purple skinned fig, ‘Red Italian’ and, according to Condit, these cultivars are similar to each other (Condit 1955).

Group 4 is exclusively made up of Common figs and contained two instances of synonymy. One consisted of two light to medium purple figs with amber flesh ‘Santa Cruz Dark’ and ‘Giant Amber’, and a second group of three elongated, pear-shaped, dark purple/black figs, ‘Noire de Caromb’, ‘Cuello Dama Negro’, and ‘Charles Allen’, appeared to be closely genetically related to the popular cultivar, ‘Mission.’

Group 5 is made up of Common figs with two occurrences of synonymy, one of which contained six genotypes and is characterized by a widely grown purple fig with strawberry flesh, ‘Brown Turkey’, and its well known synonyms, ‘California Brown Turkey’, ‘Braun Turkey’, ‘Black Jack’, and two other purple cultivars with strawberry flesh similar to ‘Brown Turkey’ matching closely in fruit traits to ‘Walker’ and ‘Blue Giant.’ A second one consisted of two green figs with amber flesh, ‘Catarulla’ and Green Italian.’

Groups 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 showed several instances of synonymy involving two accessions in each of these occurrences, except for one in group 9 with four green figs with amber flesh, ‘Deanna’, ‘UCR278’, ‘Orphan’, and ‘Algerian Watts.’ Interestingly, a subgroup in group 8 contained several cultivars from Turkmenistan, ‘Shevlan 1’, ‘Shevlan 2’ and ‘Shevlan 3’, ‘Caucasus 3’, ‘Caucasus 6’, ‘Nuhurskii’, ‘Shih Berdy’, ‘Zheltyi from Seidoc’, ‘Inzhyr from Sopyev’, ‘Akinzhyr Kuruzhdeiskii’, ‘Kury Gol’, and ‘Kugitangskii Chernyil’. Group 9 is predominantly made up of several selections, such as ‘Tena’, ‘UCR 291’, ‘Conadria’, Gulbun Selection’, ‘Jurupa’, ‘Flanders’, ‘UCR 271’, ‘Deanna’, ‘UCR278’, ‘Orphan’ and a number of parental genotypes used in Condit’s breeding program at the University of California, Riverside.

Thanks Jon ,
i cannot understand the technical stuff its way over my head but i found some of the charts interesting.
Black madeira and Gazir
and others as well that caught my interest especially all of group 4.

Also like what Bass said its nice to see your figs in there as well, way to go Jon and Bass.

 I see in chart Santa Cruz Dark listed as "c" being intialed as a common fig .

Ive read elswhere santa cruz dark is a san pedro type and almost treated my plant as such .
 For the other day i came close to pruning back my santa cruz dark but held back as i see the 2nd crop coming out <about 5 figs> and said to myself lets see what happens with these, after reading the chart im glad i did not prune plant back and will only prune limb tips to give these figs there best chance to ripen in my climate.
So i will give them a chance to see if they ripen or shrivel and fall later this season.

Well, one thing it says is that Sal's and Hardy Chicago are not the same fig.  That Sal's is more closely related to Abruzzi and Dark portugese than HC, that's interesting.

scott

Love the report Jon!  Totally awesome with a capital T.  It's true...Sals's and Hardy Chicago are not the same fig and they are not related to Sal's Coreleone.  Great report!!  thanks, Dennis

Thanx go to Malli ad Davis for sending it to me. Otherwise it would be locked in some academic site with a pay-per-view fee, I am fairly certain.

I finally had some time to begin reading this article, and there are some interesting things in it.


Afghan A - listed as Smyrna type. I have a few fruit form, and all seem to mature and ripen, even though other Smyrna and San Pedro types only have some fruit set. I will have to watch this one more closely. The fruit I get are really nice.

Capri Q is listed as a Caprifig, but was distributed by USDA / UC Davis this year as Orosi Green (DFIC0126). Pix by Ken Love in 2007, and me in 2008 show it as an edible fig - and decent eating if I remember correctly.

Dauphine - listed as a San Pedro type. I had suspected this, from watching some fruit form and fall off - but I got enough main-crop fruit from my limited wasp activity to be somewhat uncertain.

Drap D'or is listed as a San Pedro type. Definitely have not seen it behave that way here.

Igo - listed as Smyrna type with a question mark. Doesn't seem to match the description from Bill Fogarty in the accession data.

Kalamata and Karayarak are listed as Smyrna types. Have not yet fruited here. They are obviously caprified at UC Davis.

Lampiera - listed as a San Pedro type.

Marabout and Marabout c Smyrnay - listed as Smyrna types. Both have fruited here, but not all fruit persist, which seems to accord with that classification.

Nazarti - listed as a Caprifig / San Pedro type. Last year the brebas looked like caprifigs, This year they looked like common figs. Always have main crop, so seems more like a two-crop type here.

Pied de Boeuf - listed as a San Pedro type. I haven't seen brebas here (probably due to pruning) but main crop is worthless here. So San Pedro type is probably accurate.

Snowden - listed as a Smyrna type. Has never ripened fruit, here, so can't comment.

Zidi - listed as Smyrna type, and seems to behave as such here.







This is certainly some interesting reading. It was almost weird to see that Calimyrna has more in common with the Turkmenistan group (Group 8), and almost anything else in the collection. I have to think that is unexpected, given that its origins are supposedly deeply rooted in Turkey. Perhaps it reflects the Turkic origins which are such a large part of the Ottoman history of Turkey.
 
It was also interesting to see that Gazir and Black Madeira were closest relatives. I have more history with Black Madeira, and the Gazir is a more recent friend. They definitely share some traits and qualities. It might be interesting to test the DNA of "Black Weeping" and "GM-1/Malta Purple Black" because they share many of the same qualities of Gazir and Black Madeira. I would not have guessed that Sucrette was the next most closely related.
 
Another weird pair was Marabout and Marabout c smyrnay. I had assumed that they would be very closely related because of the naming convention, and instead they are from different ends of the planet.
 
I can't comment on Adriatic versus Lampeira 194. The one at Davis is from Todd Kennedy, and I just received the Lampeira from Todd Kennedy (indirectly) this season, so will be able to compare them is a couple years.  Both seemed to be prized by fig lovers, but I wonder if they ever thought they were one in the same.


Aha,
I must have missed all this good info.

This explains why (UCD156.2005) Kalamata (white) never gave me a single
fruit. (Now sure it is going compost).

BTW, my  "GM-1/Malta Purple Black" fig always DID ripen ALL its very
sweet fruit here in NJ...
http://figs4fun.com/Thumbnail_GM-1.html


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