Peter, on first picture you can see a white band above a red band, the white actually is securing a patch that contained 2 roots, I grafted like 'bud graft' ( I am learning) then, I also grafted a small piece of my local tree branch that had roots, that is secured with red bands...On the horizontal picture, you can see where the roots were sending little white specs, that is when I put in the cup with bands and all.
On the last picture you see all the massive rooting is from the graft, the cutting itself never sent out any roots, it is exactly how it was when I first grafted it. Now cannot say this will survive. I will continue monitoring now that has no bands and it is in the larger pot. My goal is to have strong trees that can handle the cold...so, only time will be able to help with that.