Has anyone in the N.E. tried planting a first year in the ground? Most all of my first year cuttings which froze over the last two winters, came back from the roots the following spring. Granted, the winters here are not so long nor does it get so cold as it does in NJ, and ground doesn't freeze too deeply (if at all). The past several winters were cold enough to freeze about 99% of all trees younger than 5 years old.
If you have an extra tree (or a tree you feel you can live without) already in the ground, try leaving it there. Once dormant, cut off most of the top and mulch around it deeply. It may come back next year more strongly than if you had not planted it. The information you gain will be helpful in planning next years trees.