I stuck straight to the ground some rooted cutting (rooted in water) in august/september of 2016. They are barely growing.If they are growing they do so extremely slow.
Should i expect sudden growth the next months/years?
Is it because they are growing on bare nude soil? 

May I ask what type of figs they are? Also have you tried hitting them with a little fertilizer? I honestly wouldn't be worried as long as you see healthy leaves or green growth of some form. It may be building the root structure before it builds above ground

You should consider adding your location.  That's always helpful.
You say they went in the ground this past fall.  Was there any winter protection?  It's possible, just guessing here, that they were winter damaged and are trying to recover.  Since it sounds like you have access to cuttings, you could try starting some more to kind of hedge your bets.  When the new cuttings are growing good after a season of pampering you could put them in the ground.  The pampering for a season is especially important if you're in a colder zone.

Good luck!

Hi,
Are they in the sun ?
Have weeds overgrown them ? Is their place clean ? ( no weeds sucking the resources ? ).
Do you water them every week, twice a week (just like me) ? or never ?
I don't see a problem with chemical fertilizers ; Chemicals for weeding out and killing insects/pests are the problem IMO .
But, you can find dried manure sold in bags or you could even give them a layer of loam.
I'd investigate the situation quickly as there is still time left for them to grow this season.
And remember that watering is important.