Gene Hosey thought Filacciano Bianco had the most cold hardy wood of any fig he knew. As it is known for its brebas that ripen in July and mine, at least, does ripen at least a good portion of its main crop, it lets you start eating very good to excellent figs in July. I really like this variety.
I'm in zone 7 but still grow everything in pots. I think all's fine until the temperature drops below 20F.
I posted ripening results that Jon has in his info area if you need to look at them. It is older and does not include everything I now grow, but it does let you see at what point certain varieties ripen for me here in Va, zone 7A
I recommend Florea, Ronde and Rouge de Bordeaux as well as St. Rita, Norella, Marseilles Black VS and other Mt. Etna varieties.
I get great feedback about Marseilles Monticello and it's very cold hardy.
I think Battaglia Green is a must have. I love Blanch de Deux Saissons. Longue D'Aout has been very good and all the Col de Dames are excellent.
I also really like Vasalika Sika, Adriatic JH and Green Ischia. ETC., etc., etc.
There are a number of lists if you are looking for cold hardy varieties. I grow at least 40 cold hardy varieties as my friends in the mountains are borderline zone 5/6.
Do you really need cold hardy varieties as you can move your pots to a protected area in the fall?
As others have suggested look for early varieties and don't fall into the trap feeling like you have to have Black Madeira/ Preto/Flat Black Madeira, etc. as these varieties need a lot of heat over a long period.
When researching varieties remember that certain figs are excellent if grown in - say - Virginia, but terrible if grown in Florida or Arizona. If possible buy figs from someone in the same type area you're in.
Keeping figs inside has certain advantages (I'm referring to my set-up);
One is the trees come out of dormancy without the damage from cold and windy nights. Late frosts are a non-issue and once the plants are set out they are in prime shape to start to grow. I feel like bringing the trees in for winter gives me about a 2 week advantage in the spring over inground trees. I have not done any peer reviewed studies so this is just my opinion, and folks growing inground may have opinions that differ from mine.
Anyway - good luck.
If you decide to visit Edible Landscaping remember I'm just 8 miles away.
My last overnight visitor says she wants to come back as the fishing is good.
BTW the reason I did not list Negronne (VdB) was that this year my Negronne was completely over run by European Hornets. They ate every fig (they are still at it) and bullied me away as - yes I am afraid of being stung again (7 yellow jacket stings so far). I have dozens of other figs ripening including a bunch much like Negronne but these crazy big hornets are only interested in Negronne! I have never had this happen before.