Dr. Jim Jacobi (Plant Pathology, Auburn Univ/Bham Botanical Gardens) sent me a link to an interesting 2010 U.S. study re: FMV, which poses that whether the FMV expresses in a plant, or in extreme cases kills the plant, may be a result of synergistic effects of multiple viruses present in a plant (i.e., FMV plus another strain).
http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/47395/PDF
In summary, multiple viruses were detected in hard-hit plants with the following presumed vectors (in addition to transmission by cuttings/grafts from infected donor stock):
- FMV belongs to the genus Emaravirus that includes viruses related to tospoviruses and is transmitted by the eriophyid mite Aceria ficus.
- Several closteroviruses [AFCV-1&2] belonging to the genera Closterovirus and Ampelovirus, presumably transmitted by aphids and mealybugs respectively, have been found in fig in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and the United States [9, 13].
- FLMaV (the virus found alongside FMV in mediterranean/middle east countries) was not found in these test subjects, however, the AFCV found was so similar as to be nearly identical
- Badnaviruses [FBV-1] are vectored primarily by mealybugs and aphids and thus FBV-1 may share vectors with the closteroviruses that infect the crop.
|